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BODY CONTOURING

Body Contouring in Austin

Options for fat, muscle, loose skin and cellulite, including after GLP-1 weight loss, with the FDA status and published study results for each.

Avg. Cost
This site does not publish an Austin price range for body contouring
Downtime
None for cryolipolysis; within a week, most Avéli study patients had resumed normal activities
Results Last
Cryolipolysis: treated fat cells clear over 4 to 6 months. Avéli: benefits documented through 1 year
Appointment
Non-invasive fat reduction runs from roughly 25 minutes to an hour, depending on the device

Overview

What body contouring covers

Body contouring is an umbrella term for treatments aimed at five separate problems: fat, muscle tone, loose skin, cellulite, and the excess skin left after weight loss. No single treatment handles all five, and each one is FDA-cleared or approved for particular uses only. CoolSculpting (FDA 510(k) K233732) and SculpSure (FDA 510(k) K182741) are cleared to break down fat in specific body areas. Emsculpt Neo is cleared to break down abdominal fat and reduce abdominal circumference (FDA 510(k) K192224). Morpheus8 is cleared for procedures in which soft tissue has to be coagulated or contracted (FDA 510(k) K231790). Avéli’s clearance (FDA 510(k) K221336) covers how cellulite looks on the buttocks and thighs of adult women. Surgery is its own path. According to ASPS, a tummy tuck takes out excess skin and fat and, in most cases, also fixes abdominal muscles that have weakened or separated (ASPS).

So open a consultation by saying which of the five bothers you most. That answer shapes your options. ASPS notes, for example, that someone with loose skin or poor tone may not be a good candidate for cryolipolysis (ASPS).

Three newer findings are worth knowing before you book. First, some of the weight people lose on GLP-1 medications is lean mass. In a SURMOUNT-1 substudy, lean mass accounted for about 25% of the weight lost on tirzepatide, the same share seen with placebo (Look et al., Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, 2025). Second, published rates of paradoxical adipose hyperplasia after cryolipolysis are now higher than the first estimate (Mah et al., Aesthetic Surgery Journal Open Forum, 2025). Third, the FDA has issued safety communications on Renuvion/J-Plasma (FDA) and on RF microneedling (FDA).

At a glanceDetails
Cost (Austin)This site does not publish an Austin price range for body contouring
Procedure timeAbout an hour for cryolipolysis (ASPS). A published study of a 1060 nm laser used one 25-minute treatment (Kislevitz et al., 2021)
DowntimeNone for cryolipolysis: ASPS lists no activity restrictions (ASPS). Within a week, 73.5% of Avéli study patients had resumed normal activities (FDA 510(k) K221336)
Results timingTreated fat cells clear over 4 to 6 months after cryolipolysis (ASPS). Avéli showed benefits through one year (FDA 510(k) K221336)

Mechanism

The methods behind non-invasive fat reduction

Each non-invasive fat device relies on cold, on heat, or on heat combined with muscle stimulation.

Cold (cryolipolysis). CoolSculpting Elite chills the treated area to a target temperature as low as -11 °C (FDA 510(k) K233732). The body then clears the damaged fat cells over four to six months (ASPS).

Laser. SculpSure (FDA 510(k) K182741) runs on a 1060 nm laser.

Radiofrequency. truSculpt uses radiofrequency energy to heat tissue. According to its FDA submission, the applicator kept the skin surface between 40 and 45 °C (FDA 510(k) K223110).

Radiofrequency plus muscle stimulation. Emsculpt Neo combines radiofrequency heat with muscle stimulation, and its FDA submission gives a therapy temperature of 40 to 43 °C (FDA 510(k) K192224).

ASPS puts the average fat reduction in a cryolipolysis-treated area at about 20 percent (ASPS). None of these devices is a way to lose weight, and ASPS says none of them replaces liposuction (ASPS). For body areas, the CoolSculpting (FDA 510(k) K233732) and SculpSure (FDA 510(k) K182741) clearances are limited to a BMI of 30 or less.

Fat Devices

Fat reduction devices side by side

CoolSculpting Elite: cryolipolysis

CoolSculpting Elite’s FDA clearance (FDA 510(k) K233732) covers cold-assisted lipolysis at a BMI of 30 or less in the abdomen, flank, thigh, banana roll, back fat, bra fat and upper arm. Under the chin and along the jaw (the submental and submandibular areas), it extends to a BMI of 46.2. Per ASPS, a session takes about an hour, fat drops by about 20 percent on average, and surface irregularities and asymmetry are possible risks (ASPS). ASPS also says people with cryoglobulinemia, cold urticaria or paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria should not have cryolipolysis (ASPS).

Paradoxical adipose hyperplasia (PAH) means the treated spot develops a firm, enlarged patch of fat when it should have shrunk. Sources disagree on how often it happens:

According to ASPS, men are three times as likely as women to develop PAH, and it is more common in people of Hispanic or Latino descent (ASPS). The 2025 meta-analysis, by contrast, found no statistically significant difference between the sexes (Mah et al., 2025). In the 2014 report, the authors found no evidence that PAH resolves by itself (Jalian et al., 2014). Of 11 patients followed in a 2018 case series, seven had surgery: liposuction for six, and liposuction plus abdominoplasty for one. Surgeons waited for the area to soften, usually 6 to 9 months after cryolipolysis, and three liposuction patients went on to need a second procedure (Kelly et al., Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, 2018). Ask your provider to explain PAH before you consent.

SculpSure: 1060 nm laser

SculpSure’s clearance (FDA 510(k) K182741) is for non-invasive lipolysis in two settings: the abdomen, flanks, back and thighs at a BMI of 30 or less, and the submental area at a BMI of 49 or less. In a single-arm study, 29 patients had one 25-minute abdominal treatment with a 1060 nm diode laser, and ultrasound showed an 8.55% fat reduction at 12 weeks (Kislevitz et al., Aesthetic Surgery Journal, 2021).

truSculpt: radiofrequency

The clearance for truSculpt (FDA 510(k) K223110) covers non-invasive lipolysis and abdominal circumference reduction, using the 2 MHz setting and the 40 cm² handpiece.

Kybella: deoxycholic acid injection

Kybella is FDA-approved for adults to improve the appearance of moderate to severe fullness caused by fat under the chin (Kybella prescribing information). A single treatment can mean up to 50 small injections, and up to 6 treatments are allowed, spaced at least 1 month apart (Kybella prescribing information). In two placebo-controlled trials, 513 patients received Kybella and 506 received placebo (Kybella prescribing information).

Kybella is approved for the chin area only. According to the label, using it on fat outside the submental region is not approved and not recommended. Serious reactions have been reported after use outside the chin area, including muscle or nerve injury and, near the eyes, blurred or reduced vision (Kybella prescribing information). If a provider suggests Kybella for another part of your body, ask them to explain that choice.

Marginal mandibular nerve injury, which leaves the smile uneven, affected 4% of Kybella patients in the trials. All cases resolved without treatment within 1 to 298 days, with a median of 44 days. Trouble swallowing affected 2% of patients (Kybella prescribing information). Injection-site ulceration, necrosis, nodules, masses and infection are also on the label (Kybella prescribing information).

This site does not publish an Austin price range for any of these treatments.

Muscle

Emsculpt Neo and HIFEM for muscle

Emsculpt Neo’s FDA clearance (FDA 510(k) K192224) is for non-invasive lipolysis and reduction of abdominal circumference. Its clearance study took in 42 people with a BMI of 35 or less. At three months, the study reported that abdominal circumference had shrunk by an average of 3.2 cm, and ultrasound showed fat down by an average of 29.8%. There was a single arm and no control group (FDA 510(k) K192224). The BMI limit of 35 was a study entry criterion and is not part of the cleared indication.

An earlier MRI study looked at the original Emsculpt, which stimulates muscle without adding radiofrequency. In 22 patients measured two months after four treatments, fat thickness fell 18.6%, rectus abdominis thickness rose 15.4% and abdominal muscle separation narrowed 10.4% (Kinney and Lozanova, Lasers in Surgery and Medicine, 2019).

A 2023 systematic review gathered 15 clinical studies on Emsculpt and Emsculpt Neo, and just two of them examined Emsculpt Neo. Across the abdomen, fat thickness dropped 5.5 mm on average, muscle thickness grew 2 mm and muscle separation improved by 3.0 mm. Two studies showed marginal or no benefit, and no study reported a weight change (Kohan et al., Aesthetic Plastic Surgery, 2023).

Skin

Skin tightening and minimally invasive options

Energy devices tighten by heating tissue until it contracts. They cannot cut away skin; that takes surgery, such as a tummy tuck (ASPS).

Morpheus8: fractional radiofrequency microneedling

Morpheus8 delivers radiofrequency energy through a grid of pins that enter the skin. It is cleared for dermatologic procedures requiring soft tissue coagulation or contraction, or hemostasis (FDA 510(k) K231790). On October 15, 2025, the FDA published a safety communication on RF microneedling. The agency says it knows of reports of burns, scarring, fat loss, disfigurement and nerve damage, with some cases needing medical treatment or surgical repair (FDA).

BodyTite: radiofrequency-assisted liposuction

The FDA 510(k) database has no entry under the name BodyTite. Ask the provider which 510(k) number covers the device and what it is cleared to do.

Renuvion / J-Plasma: helium plasma with radiofrequency

In March 2022 the FDA warned against using Renuvion/J-Plasma for dermal resurfacing and skin contraction. At the time, the device had not been determined safe or effective for any aesthetic skin procedure. Narrower clearances followed, and on May 10, 2023 the FDA updated its communication (FDA):

  • Renuvion Dermal Handpiece: cleared for moderate to severe wrinkles in people with Fitzpatrick skin types I to III (FDA).
  • Renuvion APR Handpiece: cleared to improve lax skin on the neck and below the chin, and to coagulate subcutaneous tissue following liposuction in body contouring (FDA 510(k) K230272).

Ask whether the area you want treated is covered by either clearance.

Cellulite

Options for cellulite

Avéli. This handheld instrument goes in through a small incision to release the fibrous bands (septa) beneath cellulite dimples (FDA 510(k) K221336). The FDA cleared it for long-term reduction in how cellulite looks on the buttocks and thighs of adult women, backed by data showing benefits through one year. In the pivotal study, 74 women had a single treatment. The study met its primary goal, an average improvement greater than 1 point on the Cellulite Severity Scale at 3 months, and results lasted to 6 and 12 months. The most common side effects were bruising in 86.8% of patients, tenderness in 51.5%, pain in 38.2%, firmness in 36.8% and numbness in 17.6% (FDA 510(k) K221336).

truSculpt massage device. Its clearance covers a temporary reduction in how cellulite looks (FDA 510(k) K223110).

Qwo. Endo announced on December 6, 2022 that it would stop making and selling this injectable cellulite treatment, citing concerns about bruising and possible long-lasting skin discoloration (Endo International, SEC filing).

Liposuction does not effectively treat cellulite, according to ASPS (ASPS).

GLP-1

Contouring after weight loss on GLP-1 medications

Weight lost on a GLP-1 medication is partly fat and partly lean mass. A SURMOUNT-1 substudy of 160 participants ran for 72 weeks. Those on tirzepatide lost 21.3% of their body weight, 33.9% of their fat mass and 10.9% of their lean mass. Lean mass made up about 25% of the weight lost, matching the share with placebo (Look et al., Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, 2025).

After a large loss, the amount of loose skin left over drives the choice:

  • Loose skin or poor tone may make cryolipolysis a poor fit, according to ASPS (ASPS).
  • Energy devices such as Morpheus8 have clearance for coagulating or contracting soft tissue (FDA 510(k) K231790), but they cannot remove skin.
  • When weight loss leaves skin soft and thin, ASPS says it reshapes less well after liposuction, and more surgery may be needed to remove the extra skin (ASPS).
  • A tummy tuck removes excess skin and fat. If you plan further substantial weight loss, ASPS recommends waiting (ASPS).

Before any procedure, tell your provider about any GLP-1 medication you take and ask whether it affects the plan.

Surgical Decision

When to consider surgery

The exam at your consultation decides this. Three factors weigh most: loose skin, muscle separation and weight.

  • Liposuction is surgery that removes extra fat from chosen areas. ASPS describes good candidates as people of normal weight who carry some extra fat, and says firm, elastic skin gives better results. It does not treat obesity, and it does not replace diet and exercise (ASPS).
  • Tummy tuck (abdominoplasty) removes excess skin and fat and, in most cases, repairs abdominal muscles that are weakened or separated. It leaves stretch marks in place and does not substitute for weight loss. ASPS recommends postponing it if you plan substantial weight loss or a future pregnancy (ASPS).
  • Non-surgical fat reduction targets a single fat bulge, and ASPS says none of these treatments is a substitute for liposuction (ASPS).

If surgery is on the table, ask the surgeon about board certification, then check their Texas license on the Texas Medical Board’s Look Up a License page.

What to Expect

What a visit and recovery look like

Consultation. The provider will ask about your health history, including GLP-1 medications, pregnancy or breastfeeding, cold-related conditions if you are considering cryolipolysis, and swallowing or bleeding problems if you are considering Kybella (ASPS) (Kybella prescribing information). They should also pin down whether your concern is fat, muscle, loose skin or cellulite.

Treatment and recovery. The timeline below uses figures published for each treatment. Your provider should give you your own plan and follow-up dates.

  1. Day of treatment

    Cryolipolysis: about an hour per treatment, and ASPS lists no activity restrictions afterward (ASPS). Kybella: up to 50 small injections beneath the chin (Kybella prescribing information). Avéli: one treatment, done through a small incision (FDA 510(k) K221336).

  2. First weeks

    Some people feel sore after cryolipolysis, much as they would after a workout (ASPS). Swelling, bruising, pain and numbness are common with Kybella (Kybella prescribing information). Within a week of Avéli, 73.5% of study patients had resumed normal activities, and the median bruising duration was 27 days (FDA 510(k) K221336).

  3. Months 1–3

    Kybella: any additional treatments are spaced at least 1 month apart (Kybella prescribing information). Emsculpt Neo: in the clearance study, measurements were taken 1, 2 and 3 months after the final treatment (FDA 510(k) K192224). Avéli: the study measured its primary result at 3 months (FDA 510(k) K221336).

  4. Months 4–6

    Cryolipolysis: the body clears treated fat cells over four to six months (ASPS). If the area turns firmer and larger when it should be shrinking, ask your provider to check for paradoxical adipose hyperplasia (Jalian et al., 2014).

  5. One year

    Avéli: in the pivotal study, results lasted through one year (FDA 510(k) K221336).

Cost

Cost in Austin

This site does not publish an Austin price range for body contouring. Price depends on the device, how many areas you treat and how many sessions you need. Ask for the total in writing, including any packages you must buy, follow-up visits, and the policy on touch-ups and complications.

Combinations

Combining body contouring with other treatments

Treatments are often combined because each one works on a different tissue: fat, muscle or skin. For each treatment in your plan, ask why it is there, when it happens relative to the others, and what it is FDA-cleared for. See also: RF microneedling, dermal fillers, and wellness and HRT.

Texas Law

Choosing a provider in Austin

Texas rules. Delegated non-surgical medical cosmetic procedures fall under 22 TAC Chapter 169, Subchapter E, and the Texas Medical Board’s rule changes took effect January 9, 2025 (Texas Medical Board). Under these rules:

  • A physician has to establish a practitioner-patient relationship with you before a delegated procedure, or a PA or APRN can do so under the physician’s delegation. Providers often call this the good faith exam (22 TAC §169.26).
  • A physician, PA or APRN must be onsite during the procedure, or immediately available for emergency consultation should an adverse outcome occur (22 TAC §169.26).
  • Delegation requires a written order. It names the delegating physician and sets out patient screening criteria, a description of appropriate care, and procedures for complications and emergencies (22 TAC §169.27). The person doing the procedure must also sign and date a written protocol (22 TAC §169.26).
  • Every public area and treatment room has to display the name and Texas license number of the delegating physician (22 TAC §169.28).

Questions to ask:

  • Who is the delegating physician, and who will do the procedure?
  • Is this a genuine device from the manufacturer, and is it a current model? In one multicenter study, PAH rates fell by more than 75% once newer CoolSculpting models came out (Nikolis and Enright, 2021).
  • Is the area I want treated within the device’s FDA-cleared use?
  • For CoolSculpting: how do you explain the PAH risk, and how do you treat PAH if it happens?
  • How much fat reduction can I expect, and how will you measure it? For cryolipolysis, ASPS reports an average of about 20 percent (ASPS).
  • What is the total cost, and what is your approach to revisions and complications?

Where to check licenses:

Areas

Areas and the devices cleared for them

Treatment Areas

Areas treated

Stomach and flanks Thighs, inside and outside Upper arms Back and the bra line Banana roll (below the buttocks) Buttocks Under the chin (submental) Cellulite dimples on the thighs and buttocks Loose skin after pregnancy Excess skin after weight loss

Frequently asked questions

How is fat reduction different from skin tightening?

Fat reduction devices break down fat cells in the area being treated. These four are FDA-cleared for non-invasive lipolysis (fat breakdown): CoolSculpting with cold (FDA 510(k) K233732), SculpSure with a laser (FDA 510(k) K182741), truSculpt iD with radiofrequency on the abdomen (FDA 510(k) K223110), and Emsculpt Neo, also on the abdomen (FDA 510(k) K192224). Skin tightening heats tissue so it contracts. Morpheus8 is cleared for dermatologic procedures in which soft tissue has to be coagulated or contracted (FDA 510(k) K231790). Renuvion is cleared for lax skin on the neck and under the chin, and for use after liposuction in body contouring (FDA 510(k) K230272). Taking away a large amount of loose skin requires surgery; a tummy tuck, for example, removes excess skin and fat (ASPS).

Is body contouring a way to lose weight?

No. These treatments reduce one particular fat bulge; they are not a way to reduce overall body weight. According to ASPS, an area treated with cryolipolysis loses about 20 percent of its fat on average (ASPS), and none of these treatments replaces liposuction (ASPS). On the body, CoolSculpting (FDA 510(k) K233732) and SculpSure (FDA 510(k) K182741) are cleared only at a BMI of 30 or less. Surgery is no shortcut either: ASPS says a tummy tuck is not a substitute for weight loss, and it advises anyone planning to lose a lot of weight to wait (ASPS).

What is the paradoxical adipose hyperplasia (PAH) rate after CoolSculpting, and which patients face higher risk?

PAH means a treated spot develops a firm, enlarged patch of fat when it should have shrunk. It is uncommon, and the published rates vary. The earliest estimate, 0.0051%, came from Jalian et al., JAMA Dermatology, 2014. A 2025 meta-analysis of 28 studies counted 29 cases in 13,078 patients, or 0.22% (about 1 in 455), and rated that evidence low-certainty (Mah et al., Aesthetic Surgery Journal Open Forum, 2025). Allergan, the manufacturer, puts its own figure at about 1 in 3,000 treatments (0.033%) (Allergan Aesthetics). By ASPS's account, fewer than 1 percent of patients develop PAH, men are three times as likely to as women, and it is more common in people of Hispanic or Latino descent (ASPS). In a 2018 case series, PAH did not resolve without treatment. Patients had liposuction, some with abdominoplasty as well, and some of them needed a second operation (Kelly et al., Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, 2018). Have your provider go over PAH with you before you consent.

After losing weight on a GLP-1 drug, which body contouring options suit me?

How much loose skin you have now matters most. ASPS says loose skin or poor tone can make someone a poor candidate for cryolipolysis (ASPS). Energy devices such as Morpheus8 are cleared to coagulate or contract soft tissue (FDA 510(k) K231790), but they cannot remove skin. A tummy tuck takes out excess skin and fat and, in most cases, repairs weakened or separated muscles too (ASPS). Part of the weight lost on a GLP-1 drug is muscle: in a SURMOUNT-1 substudy, lean mass made up about 25% of what people lost on tirzepatide, the same share seen on placebo (Look et al., Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, 2025). If you expect to lose much more weight, ASPS advises holding off on a tummy tuck (ASPS).

When is surgery the right choice over a non-invasive treatment?

An exam at your consultation decides it, and loose skin and muscle separation weigh most. Per ASPS, loose skin or poor tone can rule a person out as a good cryolipolysis candidate (ASPS). A tummy tuck removes excess skin and fat, and it usually repairs weakened or separated abdominal muscles as well (ASPS). It does not remove stretch marks. If you plan substantial weight loss or a future pregnancy, ASPS recommends waiting on it (ASPS).

How many sessions are needed, and when do results show?

That depends on the device and the body area, and your provider sets the plan. CoolSculpting: per ASPS, the body clears treated fat cells over four to six months, and some patients go back to have an area retreated (ASPS). Emsculpt / Emsculpt Neo: the published studies typically used four treatments spread over two to four weeks, with a range of three to eight (Kohan et al., Aesthetic Plastic Surgery, 2023). Avéli: the pivotal study used a single treatment, with benefits shown through one year (FDA 510(k) K221336). For any other device, ask how many sessions you will need and when your results will be checked.

How strong is the evidence for Emsculpt Neo?

Limited. A 2023 systematic review took in 15 clinical studies of Emsculpt and Emsculpt Neo, and just two of them looked at Emsculpt Neo. Abdominal fat thickness dropped 5.5 mm on average, and muscle thickness increased 2 mm. Two studies showed marginal or no benefit, and none reported any weight change (Kohan et al., Aesthetic Plastic Surgery, 2023). The manufacturer ran the FDA clearance study with 42 participants. Three months on, it reported an average 3.2 cm reduction in abdominal circumference and an average 29.8% fat reduction measured by ultrasound (FDA 510(k) K192224). That study had one arm and no control group (FDA 510(k) K192224). Ask what result to expect for your area and how the provider will measure it.

Can treatments be combined?

Often, yes, since each one acts on a different tissue: fat, muscle or skin. Ask the provider why each treatment is in the plan, what order and spacing they intend, and what each is cleared for. For example, CoolSculpting is cleared for fat bulges under the chin as well as in the listed body areas (FDA 510(k) K233732); Kybella is only for fullness caused by fat under the chin (Kybella prescribing information); and Avéli treats cellulite, cleared for adult women's buttocks and thighs (FDA 510(k) K221336).

What should I ask before booking body contouring with an Austin provider?

Begin with the delegating physician. Texas requires every public area and treatment room to display that physician's name and Texas license number (22 TAC §169.28). Then ask: (1) Who is the delegating physician? (2) For CoolSculpting, what do you tell patients about the paradoxical adipose hyperplasia risk, and how do you treat it if it happens? (3) Is the device a genuine, current model from the manufacturer? (4) Who will perform the procedure, and how were they trained? (5) Is the area I want treated within the device's FDA-cleared use? Renuvion, for instance, is cleared for lax skin on the neck and under the chin (FDA 510(k) K230272). (6) What will it cost in total, including any packages I have to buy? (7) What is your approach to revisions and complications?

Can I have body contouring during pregnancy or while breastfeeding?

No. According to ASPS, people who are pregnant or breastfeeding should not have non-surgical fat reduction (ASPS). The Kybella label notes that it has not been adequately studied in pregnant women and gives no information on whether it passes into breast milk (Kybella prescribing information). ASPS also advises women who may get pregnant in the future to put off a tummy tuck (ASPS). Ask your provider how long to wait once you stop breastfeeding.

Medical disclaimer. Nothing on this page is medical advice; it is educational. Treatments here range from non-invasive devices to minimally invasive procedures and surgery, and the risks differ across them. Reported rates of paradoxical adipose hyperplasia (PAH) following cryolipolysis run from 0.0051% (Jalian, 2014) up to 0.47% in a single practice (Singh, 2015), with 0.22% as the pooled figure from a 2025 meta-analysis. The FDA cautioned in March 2022 against dermal resurfacing and skin contraction with Renuvion/J-Plasma, then revised that notice on May 10, 2023. Loose skin cannot be removed by non-invasive devices. Before any procedure, confirm the Texas license of the delegating physician. Med Spas of Austin is a directory service. It does not provide medical treatment, endorse particular treatments or guarantee outcomes.

References
  1. [1] U.S. Food and Drug Administration. 510(k) K233732: CoolSculpting Elite System (ZELTIQ Aesthetics), September 12, 2024. Body areas for BMI 30 or less; submental and submandibular areas up to BMI 46.2; target temperature down to -11 °C.
  2. [2] U.S. Food and Drug Administration. 510(k) K182741: SculpSure (Cynosure), January 3, 2019. Abdomen, flanks, back and thighs for BMI 30 or less; submental area for BMI 49 or less; 1060 nm.
  3. [3] U.S. Food and Drug Administration. 510(k) K223110: truSculpt (Cutera), November 3, 2022. Abdominal lipolysis and circumference reduction; temporary reduction in the appearance of cellulite (massage device).
  4. [4] U.S. Food and Drug Administration. 510(k) K192224: BTL-899 (Emsculpt Neo, BTL Industries), December 5, 2019. Abdominal lipolysis and circumference reduction; single-arm study of 42 patients.
  5. [5] U.S. Food and Drug Administration. 510(k) K231790: InMode System with Morpheus8 Applicators, July 20, 2023.
  6. [6] U.S. Food and Drug Administration. 510(k) K230272: Renuvion APR Handpiece (Apyx Medical), 2023.
  7. [7] U.S. Food and Drug Administration. 510(k) K221336: Avéli (Revelle Aesthetics), August 5, 2022. Indication extended to benefits through one year.
  8. [8] KYBELLA (deoxycholic acid) injection prescribing information. Allergan/AbbVie. Revised 09/2026.
  9. [9] U.S. Food and Drug Administration. UPDATE: Use of Renuvion/J-Plasma Device for Certain Aesthetic Procedures: FDA Safety Communication. May 10, 2023.
  10. [10] U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Potential Risks with Certain Uses of Radiofrequency (RF) Microneedling: FDA Safety Communication. October 15, 2025.
  11. [11] Endo International plc. Endo to Cease Production and Sale of Qwo (collagenase clostridium histolyticum-aaes). Press release filed with the SEC (Form 8-K, Exhibit 99.1), December 6, 2022.
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  13. [13] Singh SM, Geddes ER, Boutrous SG, Galiano RD, Friedman PM. Paradoxical adipose hyperplasia secondary to cryolipolysis: an underreported entity? Lasers Surg Med. 2015;47(6):476–478. Practice incidence 0.47% (2 in 422 treatments).
  14. [14] Nikolis A, Enright KM. A Multicenter Evaluation of Paradoxical Adipose Hyperplasia Following Cryolipolysis for Fat Reduction and Body Contouring: A Review of 8658 Cycles in 2114 Patients. Aesthet Surg J. 2021;41(8):932–941. Incidence 0.05% to 0.39%.
  15. [15] Mah AE, Razeghi P, Li C, et al. Incidence of Paradoxical Adipose Hyperplasia After Cryolipolysis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Aesthet Surg J Open Forum. 2025;7:ojaf142. Pooled incidence 0.22%.
  16. [16] Kelly ME, Rodríguez-Feliz J, Torres C, Kelly E. Treatment of Paradoxical Adipose Hyperplasia following Cryolipolysis: A Single-Center Experience. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2018;142(1):17e–22e.
  17. [17] Kislevitz M, Wamsley C, Kang A, et al. Clinical Evaluation of the Safety and Efficacy of a 1060-nm Diode Laser for Non-Invasive Fat Reduction of the Abdomen. Aesthet Surg J. 2021;41(10):1155–1165. 8.55% ultrasound-measured reduction at 12 weeks.
  18. [18] Kinney BM, Lozanova P. High intensity focused electromagnetic therapy evaluated by magnetic resonance imaging: Safety and efficacy study of a dual tissue effect based non-invasive abdominal body shaping. Lasers Surg Med. 2019;51(1):40–46.
  19. [19] Kohan J, Vyas K, Erotocritou M, Khajuria A, Tehrani K. High-Intensity Focused Electromagnetic (HIFEM) Energy With and Without Radiofrequency for Noninvasive Body Contouring: A Systematic Review. Aesthetic Plast Surg. 2024;48(6):1156–1165 (epub 2023).
  20. [20] Look M, Dunn JP, Kushner RF, et al. Body composition changes during weight reduction with tirzepatide in the SURMOUNT-1 study of adults with obesity or overweight. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2025;27(5):2720–2729. n=160; lean mass −10.9%; about 25% of weight lost was lean mass with tirzepatide and with placebo.
  21. [21] American Society of Plastic Surgeons. Cryolipolysis.
  22. [22] American Society of Plastic Surgeons. Nonsurgical Fat Reduction.
  23. [23] American Society of Plastic Surgeons. Tummy Tuck.
  24. [24] American Society of Plastic Surgeons. Liposuction.
  25. [25] 22 Texas Administrative Code §169.26: practitioner-patient relationship before a delegated procedure; physician, PA or APRN onsite or immediately available.
  26. [26] 22 Texas Administrative Code §169.27: written order for delegated procedures.
  27. [27] 22 Texas Administrative Code §169.28: posting of the delegating physician's name and Texas license number.
  28. [28] Texas Medical Board. Rule changes effective January 9, 2025.
  29. [29] Allergan Aesthetics. CoolSculpting FAQ. Paradoxical adipose hyperplasia about 1 in 3,000 treatments (0.033%).

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